French New Wave Went Beyond the Ism of Modern Art

Modernistic Art
Definition, Characteristics, History, Movements.
Principal A-Z INDEX

Important Art Works

Move In Squares (1961).
By Bridget Riley, Op-Fine art Move.

Eiffel Tower, Gnaw de Mars, Paris.
An icon of modernist compages
designed by Gustave Eiffel.

Weeping Woman (1937)
Past Picasso, now regarded every bit the
greatest of 20th Century Painters.

What is Mod Art? (Definition)

At that place is no precise definition of the term "Modern Art": it remains an elastic term, which can accomodate a variety of meanings. This is not too surprising, since nosotros are constantly moving forrad in time, and what is considered "modern painting" or "modern sculpture" today, may not be seen equally mod in fifty years time. Even and so, it is traditional to say that "Modern Art" means works produced during the approximate period 1870-1970. This "Mod era" followed a long period of domination by Renaissance-inspired academic art, promoted past the network of European Academies of Fine art. And is itself followed past "Contemporary Art" (1970 onwards), the more than advanced of which is also called "Postmodern Art". This chronology accords with the view of many art critics and institutions, merely not all. Both the Tate Modern in London, and the Musee National d'Art Moderne at the Pompidou Center in Paris, for example, take 1900 as the starting betoken for "Modern Art". Also, neither they, nor the Museum of Modernistic Fine art in New York, make any distinction between "modernist" and "postmodernist" works: instead, they encounter both as phases of "Modernistic Art".

Incidentally, when trying to empathize the history of art information technology'southward important to recognize that art does not change overnight, only rather reflects wider (and slower) changes taking place in club. It too reflects the outlook of the artist. Thus, for instance, a piece of work of art produced as early as 1958 might be decidedly "postmodernist" (if the artist has a very avant-garde outlook - a good example is Yves Klein's Nouveau Realisme); while another piece of work, created past a conservative artist in 1980, might be seen as a throw-dorsum to the time of "Modern Art" rather than an example of "Contemporary Art". In fact, it's probably true to say that several different strands of art - meaning several sets of aesthetics, some hypermodern, some old-fashioned - may co-exist at any ane time. Besides, it's worth remembering that many of these terms (like "Modernistic Art") are only invented later on the effect, from the vantage point of hindsight.

NOTE: The 1960s is more often than not seen as the decade when artistic values gradually inverse, from "modernist" to "postmodernist". This ways that for a period of time both sets of values co-existed with each other.

For important dates, encounter: History of Art Timeline ( ii.5 million BCE on)

What were the Origins of Modern Fine art?

To understand how "modern art" began, a piddling historical background is useful. The 19th century was a fourth dimension of significant and rapidly increasing modify. As a consequence of the Industrial Revolution (c.1760-1860) enormous changes in manufacturing, transport, and applied science began to affect how people lived, worked, and travelled, throughout Europe and America. Towns and cities swelled and prospered as people left the state to populate urban factories. These industry-inspired social changes led to greater prosperity but likewise cramped and crowded living conditions for nearly workers. In turn, this led to: more demand for urban architecture; more demand for practical fine art and design - see, for instance the Bauhaus School - and the emergence of a new course of wealthy entrepreneurs who became art collectors and patrons. Many of the world's all-time art museums were founded past these 19th century tycoons.

In addition, two other developments had a direct effect on fine art of the menstruation. Beginning, in 1841, the American painter John Rand (1801–1873) invented the collapsible tin paint tube. 2d, major advances were made in photography, allowing artists to photograph scenes which could and then exist painted in the studio at a afterwards date. Both these developments would greatly benefit a new style of painting known, disparagingly, every bit "Impressionism", which would have a radical effect on how artists painted the world around them, and would in the process become the first major school of modernist art.

Likewise every bit affecting how artists created art, 19th century social changes besides inspired artists to explore new themes. Instead of slavishly following the Hierarchy of the Genres and existence content with academic subjects involving organized religion and Greek mythology, interspersed with portraits and 'meaningful' landscapes - all subjects that were designed to elevate and instruct the spectator - artists began to make art about people, places, or ideas that interested them. The cities - with their new railway stations and new slums - were obvious choices and triggered a new class of genre painting and urban mural. Other subjects were the suburban villages and vacation spots served by the new rail networks, which would inspire new forms of landscape painting by Monet, Matisse and others. The genre of history painting likewise inverse, cheers to Benjamin Due west (1738-1820) who painted The Death of Full general Wolfe (1770, National Gallery of Art, Ottowa), the showtime 'contemporary' history painting, and Goya (1746-1828) whose Third of May, 1808 (1814, Prado, Madrid) introduced a ground-breaking, not-heroic idiom.

The 19th century also witnessed a number of philosophical developments which would accept a significant event on art. The growth of political thought, for instance, led Courbet and others to promote a socially witting form of Realist painting - see as well Realism to Impressionism). Also, the publication of The Estimation of Dreams (1899) by Sigmund Freud, popularized the notion of the "subconscious heed", causing artists to explore Symbolism and afterwards Surrealism. The new cocky-consciousness which Freud promoted, led to (or at to the lowest degree coincided with) the emergence of German Expressionism, as artists turned to expressing their subjective feelings and experiences.

When Did Modern Art Begin?

The date well-nigh commonly cited equally marker the nascency of "modern art" is 1863 - the yr that Edouard Manet (1832-83) exhibited his shocking and irreverent painting Le Lunch sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refuses in Paris. Despite Manet's respect for the French Academy, and the fact it was modelled on a Renaissance work by Raphael, it was considered to be ane of the most scandalous pictures of the flow.

But this was merely a symbol of wider changes that were taking place in diverse types of fine art, both in France and elsewhere in Europe. A new generation of "Modern Artists" were fed up with following the traditional bookish art forms of the 18th and early on 19th century, and were starting to create a range of "Modern Paintings" based on new themes, new materials, and bold new methods. Sculpture and architecture were also affected - and in time their changes would be even more revolutionary - but fine fine art painting proved to be the first major battleground between the conservatives and the new "Moderns".

What is the Main Characteristic of Modern Fine art?

What we telephone call "Modernistic Art" lasted for an entire century and involved dozens of dissimilar art movements, embracing almost everything from pure abstraction to hyperrealism; from anti-art schools like Dada and Fluxus to classical painting and sculpture; from Art Nouveau to Bauhaus and Popular Art. So great was the diversity that it is difficult to think of any unifying characteristic which defines the era. Merely if there is anything that separates modernistic artists from both the earlier traditionalists and subsequently postmodernists, it is their belief that fine art mattered. To them, fine art had real value. Past contrast, their precedessors simply assumed information technology had value. After all they had lived in an era governed by Christian value systems and had simply "followed the rules." And those who came afterwards the Modernistic period (1970 onwards), the so-called "postmodernists", largely rejected the idea that fine art (or life) has any intrinsic value.

In What Ways was Modernistic Art Different? (Characteristics)

Although there is no single defining feature of "Mod Fine art", it was noted for a number of of import characteristics, as follows:

(one) New Types of Art

Modern artists were the first to develop collage art, assorted forms of assemblage, a diversity of kinetic art (inc mobiles), several genres of photography, animation (drawing plus photography) land art or excavation, and functioning art.

(2) Use of New Materials

Mod painters affixed objects to their canvases, such as fragments of paper and other items. Sculptors used "establish objects", like the "readymades" of Marcel Duchamp, from which they created works of Junk art. Assemblages were created out of the most ordinary everyday items, similar cars, clocks, suitcases, wooden boxes and other items.

(3) Expressive Employ of Colour

Movements of modernistic art like Fauvism, Expressionism and Colour Field painting were the offset to exploit colour in a major way.

(4) New Techniques

Chromolithography was invented by the poster artist Jules Cheret, automatic cartoon was adult past surrealist painters, every bit was Frottage and Decalcomania. Gesturalist painters invented Action Painting. Pop artists introduced "Benday dots", and silkscreen printing into fine fine art. Other movements and schools of modern art which introduced new painting techniques, included: Neo-Impressionism, the Macchiaioli, Synthetism, Cloisonnism, Gesturalism, Tachisme, Kinetic Art, Neo-Dada and Op-Art.

How Did Modern Fine art Develop Between 1870 and 1970?

1870-1900

Although in some means the last 3rd of the 19th century was dominated by the new Impressionist style of painting, in reality in that location were several pioneering strands of modern art, each with its ain item focus. They included: Impressionism (accuracy in capturing effects of sunlight); Realism (content/theme); Bookish Art (classical-style true-life pictures); Romanticism (mood); Symbolism (enigmatic iconography); lithographic poster art (bold motifs and colours). The final decade saw a number of revolts confronting the Academies and their 'Salons', in the form of the Secession motion, while the late-1890s witnessed the reject of "nature-based art", similar Impressionism, which would soon lead to a ascension in more than serious "bulletin-based" fine art.

1900-14

In many ways this was the most exciting period of modern fine art, when everything was still possible and when the "automobile" was nonetheless viewed exclusively as a friend of man. Artists in Paris produced a string of new styles, including Fauvism, Cubism and Orphism, while German artists launched their own school of expressionist painting. All these progressive movements rejected traditionalist attitudes to fine art and sought to champion their own detail agenda of modernism. Thus Cubism wanted to prioritize the formal attributes of painting, while Futurism preferred to emphasize the possibilities of the car, and expressionism championed individual perception.

1914-24

The carnage and devastation of The Great War changed things utterly. By 1916, the Dada movement was launched, filled with a nihilistic urge to subvert the value system which had caused Verdun and the Somme. Suddenly representational art seemed obscene. No imagery could compete with photographs of the state of war expressionless. Already artists had been turning more and more to non-objective art as a means of expression. Abstract art movements of the time included Cubism (1908-40), Vorticism (1914-xv), Suprematism (1913-eighteen), Constructivism (1914-32), De Stijl (1917-31), Neo-Plasticism (1918-26), Elementarism (1924-31), the Bauhaus (1919-33) and the later St Ives Schoolhouse. Fifty-fifty the few figurative movements were distinctly edgy, such as Metaphysical Painting (c.1914-20). But compare the early 20th century Classical Revival in modern art and Neoclassical Figure Paintings by Picasso (1906-xxx).

1924-40

The Inter-war years continued to be troubled past political and economical troubles. Abstract painting and sculpture connected to dominate, as true-to-life representational fine art remained very unfashionable. Even the realist wing of the Surrealism movement - the biggest movement of the menses - could manage no more than than a fantasy manner of reality. Meantime, a more sinister reality was emerging on the Continent, in the grade of Nazi art and Soviet agit-prop. Only Fine art Deco, a rather sleek blueprint style aimed at architecture and practical art, expressed any confidence in the time to come.

1940-lx

The art world was transformed past the ending of Globe War Two. To begin with, its middle of gravity moved from Paris to New York, where it has remained ever since. Nearly all time to come world tape prices would be achieved in the New York sales rooms of Christie's and Sotheby'south. Meantime, the unspeakable phenomenon of Auschwitz had undermined the value of all realist fine art, except for Holocaust art of those affected. Equally a upshot of all this, the side by side major international motion - Abstract Expressionism - was created by American artists of the New York School. Indeed, for the side by side 20 years, abstraction would dominate, equally new movements rolled off the line. They included: Art Informel, Action-Painting, Gesturalism, Tachisme, Colour Field Painting, Lyrical Abstraction, Hard Edge Painting, and COBRA, a grouping best known for its child-similar imagery, and expressive brushstrokes. During the 1950s other tendencies emerged, of a more than avant-garde kind, such equally Kinetic art, Nouveau Realisme and Neo-Dada, all of which demonstrated a growing impatience with the strait-laced arts manufacture.

1960s

The explosion of popular music and television was reflected in the Pop-Art move, whose images of Hollywood celebrities, and iconography of popular culture, celebrated the success of America's mass consumerism. Information technology also had a cool 'hip' feel and helped to dispel some of the early 60s gloom associated with the Cuban Crisis of 1962, which in Europe had fuelled the success of the Fluxus motility led by George Maciunas, Joseph Beuys, Nam June Paik and Wolf Vostell. Down-to-earth Pop-art was likewise a welcome counterpoint to the more erudite Abstract Expressionism, which was already started to fade. Simply the 1960s also saw the rise of another high-brow motility known as Minimalism, a course of painting and sculpture purged of all external references or gestures - unlike the emotion-charged idiom of Abstruse Expressionism.

Modern Photographic Art

One of the nigh important and influential new media which came to prominence during the "Modernistic Era" is photography. Four genres in particular have get established. They include: Portrait Photography, a genre that has largely replaced painted portraits; Pictorialism (fl.1885-1915) a type of photographic camera art in which the photographer manipulates a regular photo in order to create an "artistic" image; Fashion Photography (1880-present) a type of photography devoted to the promotion of vesture, shoes, perfume and other branded appurtenances; Documentary Photography (1860-nowadays), a type of sharp-focus camerawork that captures a moment of reality, and then as to nowadays a message about what is happening in the globe; and Street Photography (1900-nowadays), the fine art of capturing hazard interactions of human activity in urban areas. Practiced by many of the world's greatest photographers, these genres have made a major contribution to modern fine art of the 20th century.

Modernistic Architecture

Modernism in architecture is a more than convoluted affair. The word "modernism" in building design was outset used in America during the 1880s to draw skyscrapers designed by the Chicago School of Architecture (1880-1910), such every bit The Montauk Edifice (1882-83) designed by Burnham and Root; the Dwelling Insurance Building (1884) designed by William Le Baron Jenney; and the Marshall Field Warehouse (1885-7) designed by Henry Hobson Richardson. In the 20th century, a new blazon of blueprint emerged, known as the International Style of Modern Architecture (c.1920-70). Beginning in Germany, Holland and France, in the hands of Le Corbusier (1887-1965), Walter Gropius (1883-1969) and others, it spread to America where it became the ascendant idiom for commercial skyscrapers, thank you to the efforts of Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969), formerly managing director of the Bauhaus School. Later, the centre of modern building design was established permanently in the United States, mainly due to the appearance of supertall skyscraper architecture, which was and then exported around the world.

When Did Modern Art Cease? What Replaced it?

Modernism didn't only terminate, it was gradually overtaken by events during the late 1960s - a flow which coincided with the rise of mass popular-civilisation and also with the rise of anti-authoritarian challenges (in social and political areas as well as the arts) to the existing orthodoxies. A primal yr was 1968, which witnessed the Tet Offensive, the assassinations of Martin Luther King and Bobby Kennedy, and street demonstrations throughout the capitals of Europe. As Modernism began to wait increasingly one-time-fashioned, it gave mode to what is known every bit "Contemporary Art" - meaning "art of the present era". The term "Contemporary Art" is neutral equally to the progressiveness of the art in question, and so another phrase - "postmodernism" - is often used to denote recent advanced fine art. Schools of "postmodernist art" advocate a new set of aesthetics characterized by a greater focus on medium and mode. For instance, they emphasize manner over substance (eg. not 'what' but 'how'; not 'fine art for art's sake', simply 'way for style's sake'), and place much greater importance on artist-advice with the audience.

What are the Most Of import Movements of Modern Art?

The nearly influential movements of "modern art" are (1) Impressionism; (two) Fauvism; (iii) Cubism; (4) Futurism; (5) Expressionism; (six) Dada; (vii) Surrealism; (8) Abstract Expressionism; and (9) Pop Art.

(1) Impressionism (1870s, 1880s)

Exemplified by the landscape paintings of Claude Monet (1840-1926), Impressionism focused on the near impossible task of capturing fleeting moments of light and colour. Introduced non-naturalist colour schemes, and loose - frequently highly textured - brushwork. Shut-up many Impressionist paintings were unrecognizable. Highly unpopular with the general public and the arts authorities, although highly rated by other modern artists, dealers and collectors. Eventually became the world's most famous painting movement. See: Characteristics of Impressionist Painting (1870-1910). The principal contribution of Impressionism to "mod fine art" was to legitimize the employ of non-naturalist colours, thus paving the mode for the wholly non-naturalist abstruse fine art of the 20th century.

(2) Fauvism (1905-7)

Brusk-lived, dramatic and highly influential, Led past Henri Matisse (1869-1954), Fauvism was 'the' stylish fashion during the mid-1900s in Paris. The new way was launched at the Salon d'Automne, and became instantly famous for its vivid, garish, not-naturalist colours that made Impressionism appear almost monochrome! A key precursor of expressionism. See: History of Expressionist Painting (1880-1930). The principal contribution of Fauvism to "modern art" was to demonstrate the independent ability of colour. This highly subjective approach to art was in dissimilarity to the classical content-oriented outlook of the academies.

(three) Cubism (fl.1908-fourteen)

An austere and challenging mode of painting, Cubism introduced a compositional system of flat splintered planes as an alternative to Renaissance-inspired linear perspective and rounded volumes. Adult by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963) in two variants - Analytical Cubism and after Synthetic Cubism - it influenced abstract art for the side by side 50 years, although its popular entreatment has been limited. The main contribution of Cubism to "mod art" was to offer a whole new culling to conventional perspective, based on the inescapable fact of the flat moving picture plane.

(4) Futurism (fl.1909-fourteen)

Founded by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876-1944), Futurist fine art glorified speed, technology, the automobile, the aeroplane and scientific achievement. Although very influential, it borrowed heavily from Neo-Impressionism and Italian Divisionism, besides as Cubism, particularly its fragmented forms and multiple viewpoints. The chief contribution of Futurism to "modern art" was to introduce movement into the sail, and to link beauty with scientific advancement.

(5) Expressionism (from 1905)

Although anticipated by artists like JMW Turner (Interior at Petworth, 1837), Van Gogh (Wheat Field with Crows, 1890) and Paul Gauguin (Anna The Javanese, 1893), expressionism was made famous by two groups in pre-war Federal republic of germany: Die Brucke (Dresden/Berlin) and Der Blaue Reiter (Munich), led by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938) and Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) respectively. In sculpture, the forms of the Duisburg-built-in artist Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919) were (and still are) sublime. The main contribution of expressionism to "modern fine art" was to popularize the thought of subjectivity in painting and sculpture, and to bear witness that representational art may legitimately include subjective distortion.

(6) Dada (1916-24)

The kickoff anti-art movement, Dada was a revolt against the arrangement which had immune the carnage of The Offset Globe War (1914-18). Information technology rapidly became an anarchistic trend whose aim was to subvert the arts establishment. Launched in neutral Switzerland in 1916, its leaders were in their early twenties, and most had "opted out", avoiding conscription in the shelter of neutral cities such as New York, Zurich and Barcelona. Founders included the sculptor Jean Arp (1887-1966) and the Romanian poet and demonic activist Tristan Tzara (1896-1963). The main contribution of Dada was to milk shake upward the arts globe and to widen the concept of "modern art", by embracing totally new types of creativity (functioning art and readymades) too as new materials (junk art) and themes. Its seditious sense of sense of humor endured in the Surrealist movement.

(seven) Surrealism (from 1924)

Founded in Paris past author Andre Breton (1896-1966), Surrealism was 'the' fashionable art motion of the inter-war years, although the way is however seen today. Equanimous of abstract and figurative wings, it evolved out of the nihilistic Dada movement, most of whose members metamorphosed into surrealists, merely unlike Dada it was neither anti-art nor political. Surrealist painters used diverse methods - including dreams, hallucinations, automatic or random image generation - to circumvent rational thought processes in creating works of art. (For more, please see Automatism in Art.) The main contribution of Surrealism to "modern fine art" was to generate a refreshingly new set of images. Whether these images were uniquely not-rational is doubtful. But Surrealist art is definitely fun!

(8) Abstruse Expressionism (1948-60)

A wide style of abstract painting, developed in New York merely afterwards World War Ii, hence it is also called the New York School. Spearheaded by American artists - themselves strongly influenced past European expatriates - it consisted of 2 main styles: a highly blithe form of gestural painting, popularized by Jackson Pollock (1912-56), and a much more passive mood-oriented style known as Colour Field painting, championed by Mark Rothko (1903-70). The chief contribution of abstract expressionism to "mod art" was to popularize abstraction. In Pollock'southward case, by inventing a new fashion known as "action painting" - see photos by text; in Rothko's example, past demonstrating the emotional impact of large areas of colour.

(9) Pop Art (Late-1950s, 1960s)

A style of fine art whose images reflected the popular culture and mass consumerism of 1960s America. Starting time emerging in New York and London during the tardily 1950s, it became the dominant advanced style until the tardily 1960s. Using assuming, easy to recognize imagery, and vibrant block colours, Pop artists like Andy Warhol (1928-87) created an iconography based on photos of pop celebrities similar film-stars, advertisements, posters, consumer production packaging, and comic strips - material that helped to narrow the divide betwixt the commercial arts and the fine arts. The main contribution of abstract expressionism to "modernistic art" was to show that good art could be low-brow, and could be made of anything. Encounter: Andy Warhol's Popular Art (c.1959-73).

A-Z List of Modern Art Schools and Movements

Hither is a list of movements and schools from the "Modern Era", arranged in alphabetical order.

• Abstract Expressionist Painting (1947-65)
Umbrella term for postal service-war styles known collectively as the New York School.
• American Scene Painting (1925-45)
Realist style that exalted rural and small town America.
• Armory Show of Modern Art (1913)
Basis-breaking exhibition of modern art held in America.
• Art Deco (1925-xl)
Sleek pattern style associated with the new 'Car Age'.
• Art Informel (fl.1950s)
European version of Abstract Expressionism.
• Fine art Nouveau (1890-1914)
Curvilinear pattern manner. Also called Jugendstil (Germany), Stile Liberty (Italy).
• Arte Nucleare (1951-60)
Political 'Art Informel-style' grouping that fabricated art for the nuclear era.
• Arts and crafts Motility (1862-1914)
Anti-mass production movement, championed artisan crafts.
• Ashcan Schoolhouse (1900-1915)
New York group whose paintings depicted scenes from poorer areas.
• Australian Impressionism (1886-1900)
Plein-air Heidelberg school named after its camps east of Melbourne.
• Biomorphic (Organic) Abstraction (1930s/40s)
Rounded forms based on those constitute in nature. Run into works past Henry Moore.
• Berlin Secession (1898)
Breakaway arts organisation led by the artist Max Liebermann.
• Camden Town Group (1911-13)
Group of English Impressionists led past Walter Sickert.
• Cloisonnism (1888-94)
Style of painting with patches of brilliant colour enclosed in thick blackness outlines.
• COBRA group (1948-1951)
European equivalent of the New York gesturalism or "action painting".
• Color Field Painting (1948-68)
Style of Abstract Expressionism practised by Rothko, Barnett Newman, Clyfford Notwithstanding.
• Constructivism (1914-32)
Artistic, design and architectural motion founded by Vladimir Tatlin.
• Cubism (fl.1908-14)
Come across to a higher place: Virtually Of import Movements
• Dada (1916-24)
See to a higher place: About Important Movements
• Der Blaue Reiter (1911-14)
German Expressionist group based in Munich.
• De Stijl (1917-31)
Dutch avant-garde blueprint grouping founded past Theo van Doesburg.
• Deutscher Werkbund (1907-33)
German body established to better German industrial design and crafts.
• Die Brucke (1905-13)
German Expressionist group in Dresden, later Berlin.
• Divisionism (1884-1904)
The theory backside Neo-Impressionism, also known equally Chromoluminarism.
• Existential Art (1940s, 1950s)
Style of painting and sculpture popularized past Robert Lapoujade and Giacometti.
• Expressionist Movement (1880s onwards)
Subjective, ofttimes highly coloured and distorted mode of painting.
• Fauvism (1905-viii)
See above: Most Important Movements
• Fluxus (1960s)
Avant-garde movement related to Lettrism, Nouveau Realisme and Neo-Dada.
• Futurism (1909-fourteen)
See above: About Important Movements
• Hard Border Painting (late 1950s, 1960s)
Variant of Post-Painterly Abstraction, a reaction against gesturalism.
• Impressionism (fl. 1870-1880)
See higher up: Nearly Important Movements
• Italian Divisionism (1890-1907)
Post-Impressionist style that drew heavily on Pointillism and Neo-Impressionism.
• Kitchen Sink Art (mid-1950s)
Schoolhouse of mundane realism.
• Macchiaioli (1855-80)
Italian grouping named after their utilize of patches (macchia) of colour.
• Magic Realism (1920s)
Modernistic move noted for its sharp-focus naturalism and offbeat themes.
• Metaphysical Painting (1914-20)
Forerunner of Surrealism developed by Giorgio de Chirico.
• Minimalism
Fine art without whatsoever historical, social or aesthetic references.
• Munich Secession (1892)
The first of the progressive art movements in Europe to break abroad from the conservative arts hierarchy.
• Nabis, Les (1890s)
Group of Parisian artists noted for their decorative fine art.
• Neo-Dada (1953-65)
Mode noted for its apply of unorthodox materials, and anti-establishment ethic.
• Neo-Impressionism (1884-1904)
Group noted for its utilize of small dots of pure pigment paint.
• Neo-Plasticism (fl.1918-26)
Rigorous style of abstraction founded past Piet Mondrian.
• Neo-Romanticism (1935-55)
Tendency in British painting to recreate visionary landscapes.
• New Objectivity (Die Neue Sachlichkeit) (1925-35)
Biting expressionist style which reflected the cynicism of 1920s Frg.
• Nouveau Realisme (1958-70)
Imaginative advanced forerunner of postmodernism founded past Yves Klein.
• Op-Art (fl.1965-70)
Form of abstract painting based on optical illusions.
• Orphism (1914-15)
Colourful idiom of abstract art invented by Robert Delaunay.
• Paris School (Ecole de Paris) (1890-1940)
Label for cluster of modern artists agile in Paris, like Picasso, Modigliani.
• Pointillism (1884-1904)
Colour theory behind Neo-Impressionism involving small dabs of pure pigment.
• Pop Art (1955-lxx)
Run across above: Almost Important Movements
• Post-Impressionism (1880s/90s)
Loose term for a diversity of painting styles adult in the wake of Impressionism.
• Postal service-Painterly Abstraction (1955-65)
Term invented by Clement Greenberg for post-gesturalism movements.
• Precisionism (fl.1920s)
Style of realist painting influenced by Futurism and Cubism.
• Realism (1850-1900)
Socially aware idiom championed by Courbet.
• Regionalism (Scene Painting) (fl.1930s)
Mode of painting which exalted pocket-size town America.
• Social Realism (1930-45)
American style which commented on the problems of the Depression Era.
• Socialist Realism (1928-lxxx)
Country controlled propagandist art associated chiefly with the Soviet Union.
• St Ives Schoolhouse (1939-75)
Colony of abstract artists led past Ben Nicholson and Barbara Hepworth.
• Suprematism (1913-eighteen)
Style of Russian abstruse painting developed past Kasimir Malevich.
• Surrealism (1924 onwards)
See above: Most Important Movements
• Symbolism (1880s/90s)
Symbolists sought a reality from inside their imagination and dreams.
• Synthetism (1888-94)
Noted for its flat areas of color. Invented by Gauguin, Emile Bernard.
• Tachisme (1950s)
Blotchy form of gestural abstract painting developed in France.
• Victorian Art (United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland) (1840-1900)
Arts and crafts from the reign of Queen Victoria. See: Victorian architecture.
• Vienna Secession (1897-1939)
Breakaway artist body who rejected the cit'southward conservative Academy of Arts.
• Vingt, Les (1883-93)
Belgian grouping of progressive artists like James Ensor, Fernand Khnopff.
• Vorticism (1914-15)
English Cubist-fashion painting adult past Percy Wyndham Lewis.

For more details, encounter: Modern Art Movements (c.1870-1970).

Who are the Greatest Modern Artists?

Modern Painters

Impressionists (flourished 1870-1880)
One of the well-nigh revolutionary movements of modern representational art, its leading members included: Claude Monet (1840-1926); Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919); Edgar Degas (1834-1917); Camille Pissarro (1830-1903); Alfred Sisley (1839-1899); Edouard Manet (1832-83); Berthe Morisot (1841-1895); John Vocalist Sargent (1856-1925). Run into Impressionist Painters.

Post-Impressionists (flourished 1880-1900)
Mod artists who separated from mainstream Impressionist painting included: James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834–1903); Georges Seurat (1859-1891); Paul Cezanne (1839-1906); Van Gogh (1853-1890); Paul Gauguin (1848-1903); Henri Matisse (1869-1954). See: Post-Impressionist Painters.

Affiche Artists
Centered around La Belle Epoque in Paris, poster art was exemplified by the creativity (and inventions) of Jules Cheret (1836-1932), the wonderful "Cabaret Du Chat Noir" affiche designed past Theophile Steinlen (1859-1923), the theatrical posters of Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), and the art nouveau works of Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939). After Mucha left for America, the talented Leonetto Cappiello (1875-1942) arrived in Paris from Italy. Another important poster and fix designer was Leon Bakst (1866-1924), who came to Paris with the Ballets Russes run by Sergei Diaghilev.

Primitives/Fantasy Artists
This loose category includes the naive Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) (Le Douanier), and the versatile symbolists Paul Klee (1879–1940) and Marc Chagall (1887-1985).

Realists
Mod realism flourished outside Europe and included these supreme masters of the idiom: Winslow Homer (1836-1910), Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), and Ilya Repin (1844-1930). See likewise: Realist Artists.

Expressionists (flourished 1905-1933)
Influenced past Fauvism, the Expressionist move was exemplified by the work of: Kandinsky, Munch, Modigliani (1884-1920), Egon Schiele (1890-1918), Kirchner, Max Beckmann (1884-1950), Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980) and Otto Dix (1891-1969). Run across as well Expressionist Painters.

Cubists (flourished 1908-14)
This revolutionary abstruse art motion was co-founded past Braque and Picasso, and received valuable contributions from modern artists like: Juan Gris, Fernand Leger (1881-1955), Robert Delaunay (1885-1941) and Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968). See: Cubist Painters.

Abstract Painters
The greatest exponents of abstraction in the modern era included Kasimir Malevich (1878-1935); Piet Mondrian (1872-1944). Come across: Abstract Painters.

Art Deco (1920s, 1930s)
As much a decorative art and pattern movement as a style of painting, its near famous representative was probably the glamorous Smooth-Russian lodge portraitist Tamara de Lempicka (c.1895-1980).

Surrealists
The dominant fine art movement during the late 1920s and 1930s, its leading painters included: Joan Miro (1893-1983), Rene Magritte (1898-1967) and Salvador Dali (1904-89). See: Surrealist Artists.

Abstract Expressionists
Abstract expressionist painting was the offset swell American art movement. Besides known as the New York school, its leading members included: Rothko, Pollock, Willem De Kooning (1904-97), Clyfford Still (1904-1980), Barnett Newman (1905-70), Robert Motherwell (1915-91), Franz Kline (1910-62) and others.

Pop-Artists
This popular fashion of modernistic art superceded the more intellectual Abstruse Expressionism and was exemplified by painters such as: Andy Warhol (1928-87) and Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97).

Modern Sculptors

Leading sculptors during the mod era included: the expressive realist Auguste Rodin (1840-1917); the expressionists Ernst Barlach (1870-1938) and Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919); the avant-garde artist Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957); the Futurist Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916), the Cubists Alexander Archipenko (1887-1964), Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918), Ossip Zadkine (1890-1967), Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973) and Naum Gabo (1890-1977); the kineticists Alexander Calder (1898-1976) and Jean Tinguely (1925-91); and the Swiss minimalist sculptor Alberto Giacometti (1901-66). Other modernist forms are represented by the primitive works of Modigliani (1884-1920) and Jacob Epstein (1880-1959); and the "establish objects" known as "readymades" of Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968). Meanwhile, modern British sculpture was embodied by Henry Moore (1898-1986), Barbara Hepworth (1903-75) and Ben Nicholson (1894-1982). Modern sculpture in America is exemplified by the works of James Earle Fraser (1876-1953), Daniel Chester French (1850-1931), Anna Hyatt Huntingdon (1876-1973), and Gutzon Borglum (1867-1941). Mid-twentieth century modernism is represented by the assemblages of Louise Nevelson (1899-1988) and Cesar Baldaccini (1921-98); the heroic statues of Yevgeny Vuchetich (1908-74); and the emotive holocaust sculptures of Wiktor Tolkin (1922-2013) and Nandor Glid (1924-97). Encounter too: 20th Century Sculptors.

Art Appreciation
See: How to Capeesh Modern Sculpture (1850-nowadays).

Mod Printmakers

Modern exponents of printmaking - engraving, etching, lithographics and silkscreen - include: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), MC Escher (1898-1972), Willem de Kooning (1904-97), Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), Andy Warhol (1928-87).

Modern Stained Drinking glass Artists

Among the top exponents of stained glass art included: Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Joan Miro (1893-1983), Harry Clarke (1889-1931), Sarah Purser (1848-43) and Evie Hone (1894-1955).

Modern Photgraphers

Modern photographic fine art (1870-1970) is indebted to the pioneering efforts of Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) and Edward Steichen (1879-1973). Otherwise, modernist photography is highlighted by the pictorialism of Human being Ray (1890-1976); the landscapes of Ansel Adams (1902-84); the architectural photos of Eugene Atget (1857-1927), and Bernd and Hilla Becher; the style shots of Norman Parkinson (1913-ninety), Irving Penn (1917-2009) and Richard Avedon (1923-2004); the portraiture of Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-79), Dorothea Lange (1895-1965) & Walker Evans (1903–1975); and the street photography of Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908–2004).

Which are the 25 Greatest Modernistic Paintings?

Here is a chronological listing of the finest examples of modern painting (1870-1970), as selected past our Editor.

Impression, Sunrise (1873) Musee Marmottan Monet, Paris.
By Claude Monet (1840-1926)

Trip the light fantastic toe at Le Moulin de la Galette (1876) Musee d'Orsay, Paris
By Renoir (1841-1919)

The Gross Clinic (1875) University of Pennsylvania.
Past Thomas Eakins (1844-1916)

The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit (1882) Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
By John Singer Sargent (1856-1925)

Religious Procession in Kursk Gubernia (1883) Tretyakov Gallery.
By Ilya Repin (1844-1930)

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884-vi) AIC.
By Georges Seurat (1859-1891)

Cafe Terrace at Nighttime, Arles (1888) Yale University Art Gallery.
By Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)

The Scream (1893) oil tempera & pastel, National Gallery, Oslo.
By Edvard Munch (1863-1944)

Daughter with a Fan (1902) Folkwang Museum, Hessen.
By Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)

The Large Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses) (1906) National Gallery, London; Museum of Art, Philadelphia; Barnes Foundation, Merion, PA.
By Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)

The Kiss (1907-8) oil & gold on canvas, Osterreichischegallerie, Vienna.
By Gustav Klimt (1862-1918)

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) Museum of Mod Art, New York.
By Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

La Danse (1910) Hermitage, St Petersburg.
Past Henri Matisse (1869-1954)

Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (1912) Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo.
Past Giacomo Balla (1871-1958)

Nude Descending a Staircase No.ii (1912) Philadelphia Museum of Art.
By Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)

Seated Nude (1916) Courtauld Constitute, London.
By Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920)

Le Coquelicot (The Corn Poppy) (1919) Toulouse-Lautrec Museum, Albi.
By Kees van Dongen (1877-1968)

Girl with Gloves (1929) Private Collection.
By Tamara de Lempicka (1895-1980)

American Gothic (1930) oil on beaverboard, Fine art Found of Chicago.
Past Grant Forest (1891-1942)

Guernica (1937) oil on sheet, Reina Sofia Museum, Madrid.
By Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

Nighthawks (1942) Art Institute of Chicago.
Past Edward Hopper (1882-1967)

Broadway Boogie Woogie (1942-three) Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Past Piet Mondrian (1872-1944)

No.1, 1950 (Lavender Mist) (1950) National Gallery, Washington DC.
Past Jackson Pollock (1912-56)

Adult female one (1950-2) Museum of Modern Art, New York.
By Willem De Kooning (1904-97)

The Listening Room (1952) Menil Drove, Houston.
Past Rene Magritte (1898-1967)

The Screaming Pope (1953) William Burden Collection, New York.
By Francis Salary (1909-92)

Iv Marilyns (1962) Private Collection.
By Andy Warhol (1928-86)

Which are the 25 Greatest Mod Sculptures?

Hither is a chronological list of the best modern works of sculpture (1870-1970), as compiled past our Editor.

David (c.1872) Bronze, Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
Past Marius Jean Antonin Mercier (1845-1916)

Statue of Freedom (1886) Copper, Freedom Island, New York Harbour.
Past Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi (1834-1904)

Picayune Dancer aged Fourteen (1879-81) Statuary, Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
By Edgar Degas (1834-1917)

The Kiss (1888-ix) Marble, Musee Rodin, Paris.
By Auguste Rodin (1840-1917)

Standing Nude (1907) Musee National d'Art Moderne, Pompidou Centre, Paris.
By Andre Derain (1880-1954)

The Buss (1907) Stone, Hamburgerkunsthalle, Hamburg.
Past Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957)

Walking Woman (1912) Denver Museum of Art.
By Alexander Archipenko (1887-1964)

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913) Museum of Modern Art, NY.
By Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916)

The Large Horse (1914-18) Original in Philadelphia Museum of Art.
By Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918)

End of the Trail (1915) Brookgreen Gardens, Murrells Inlet, Us.
By James Earle Fraser (1876-1953)

Fallen Man (1915-16) New National Gallery, Berlin.
Past Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881-1919)

Constructed Head No. two (1916) Nasher Sculpture Heart, Dallas.
By Naum Gabo (1890-1977)

Statue of Lincoln (1922) Lincoln Memorial, Washington DC.
By Daniel Chester French (1850-1931)

Adult female with Guitar (1927) Private Collection.
By Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973)

Mount Rushmore Presidential Portraits (1927-41) South Dakota.
By Gutzon Borglum (1867-1941) and his son Lincoln Borglum (1912-86)

Adam (1938) Harewood Firm, Leeds, United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland.
By Jacob Epstein (1880-1959)

Fighting Stallions (1950) Hyatt Huntingdon Sculpture Garden, Due south. Carolina.
By Anna Hyatt Huntingdon (1876-1973)

The Destroyed City (1953) Schiedamse Dijk, Rotterdam.
By Ossip Zadkine (1890-1967)

Sky Cathedral (1958) Assemblage, The Museum of Mod Art, New York.
By Louise Nevelson (1899-1988)

Walking Man I (1960) Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence.
By Alberto Giacometti (1901-66)

Divided Caput (1963) Bronze, Fiorini, London.
Past Cesar Baldaccini (1921-98)

Locking Piece (1963-4) Henry Moore Foundation, Millbank, London.
By Henry Moore.

The Motherland Calls (1967) Mamayev Kurgan, Stalingrad (at present Volgagrad)
By Yevgeny Vuchetich (1908-74)

The Dachau Memorial (1968) Munich, Frg.
By Nandor Glid (1924-97)

The Majdanek Memorial (1969) Lublin, Poland.
Past Wiktor Tolkin (1922-2013).

• For more than details of modernism and postmodernism in fine art, come across: Homepage.

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